What problem does this feature solve?

I want to create an SaaS application and what I want is to save the whole component in database and display it for the user or company. Like this I can customize components at runtime for each user or company and save component in database, and in case of the user make backup of its database and create another account based on the previous account configuration, the components will still in database and will be shown as edited.

In general I want some mechanism to save components in database and fetch them according to the authenticated user like ODOO system.

What does the proposed API look like?

Create something to fetch component from server and compile it at runtime (not only templates, because this is already exist).

That is not a topic that would be solved in Vue core. Vue core is a library to render interactive UIs, not a code delivery platform or however that thing you have in mind is called.

Someone how actually needs this, could build it though.